Difference between revisions of "UKCA & UMUI Tutorial 7"

Revision as of 13:10, 24 June 2013

Adding Dry Deposition

UKCA uses two different dry-deposition schemes:

A simple 2D parameterisation described by Giannakopoulos (1999) [1], Ganzeveld and Lelieveld (1995)[2], and Sander and Crutzen (1996)[3].
A more detailed interactive parameterisation, based on the Wesely scheme (Wesely, 1989; Sanderson 2007)[4,5]

The default is to use the 2D scheme, although it is advisable to use the interactive scheme. Within the UKCA code, whether a species is dry deposited or not is controlled in the ukca_chem_scheme.F90 file. In the chch_defs_scheme array there are lines like

chch_t( 10,'HONO2     ',  1,'TR        ','          ',  1,  1,  0),  & !  10 DD: 7,WD: 4,       
chch_t( 11,'H2O2      ',  1,'TR        ','          ',  1,  1,  0),  & !  11 DD: 8,WD: 5,

Where the 1 in the 6th column turns on dry-deposition of that species.

References

Giannakopoulos, C., M. P. Chipperfield, K. S. Law, and J. A. Pyle (1999), Validation and intercomparison of wet and dry deposition schemes using 210Pb in a global three-dimensional off-line chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D19), 23761–23784, doi:10.1029/1999JD900392.
Ganzeveld, L., and J. Lelieveld (1995), Dry deposition parameterization in a chemistry general circulation model and its influence on the distribution of reactive trace gases, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D10), 20999–21012, doi:10.1029/95JD02266.
Sander, R., and P. J. Crutzen (1996), Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D4), 9121–9138, doi:10.1029/95JD03793.
M.L. Wesely, Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmospheric Environment (1967), Volume 23, Issue 6, 1989, Pages 1293-1304, ISSN 0004-6981, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4.
Sanderson, M. G., Collins, W. J., Hemming, D. L. and Betts, R. A. (2007), Stomatal conductance changes due to increasing carbon dioxide levels: Projected impact on surface ozone levels. Tellus B, 59: 404–411. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00277.x

2D Dry Deposition Scheme

The deposition velocities for the 2D scheme are defined in the depvel_defs_scheme array, which is held in the ukca_chem_scheme.F90 module. This is a large array made up of size (6,5) blocks. These blocks mean

Summer (day) velocity over water	Summer (night) velocity over water	Summer (24h ave.) velocity over water	Winter (day) velocity over water	Winter (night) velocity over water	Winter (24h ave.) velocity over water
Summer (day) velocity over forest	Summer (night) velocity over forest	Summer (24h ave.) velocity over forest	Winter (day) velocity over forest	Winter (night) velocity over forest	Winter (24h ave.) velocity over forest
Summer (day) velocity over grass	Summer (night) velocity over grass	Summer (24h ave.) velocity over grass	Winter (day) velocity over grass	Winter (night) velocity over grass	Winter (24h ave.) velocity over grass
Summer (day) velocity over desert	Summer (night) velocity over desert	Summer (24h ave.) velocity over desert	Winter (day) velocity over desert	Winter (night) velocity over desert	Winter (24h ave.) velocity over desert
Summer (day) velocity over ice	Summer (night) velocity over ice	Summer (24h ave.) velocity over ice	Winter (day) velocity over ice	Winter (night) velocity over ice	Winter (24h ave.) velocity over ice

and are in cm/s. The desert category is not used, and only the day and night values are taken. Examples of these values are

!  1  O3 (Ganzeveld & Lelieveld (1995) note 1 (modified to same as Guang)           
  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  & !      1.1
  0.85,  0.30,  0.65,  0.65,  0.25,  0.45,  & !      1.2
  0.65,  0.25,  0.45,  0.65,  0.25,  0.45,  & !      1.3
  0.18,  0.18,  0.18,  0.18,  0.18,  0.18,  & !      1.4
  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  0.05,  & !      1.5
!  2  NO (inferred from NO2 - see Giannakopoulos (1998))                            
  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  & !      2.1
  0.14,  0.01,  0.07,  0.01,  0.01,  0.01,  & !      2.2
  0.10,  0.01,  0.06,  0.01,  0.01,  0.01,  & !      2.3
  0.01,  0.01,  0.01,  0.01,  0.01,  0.01,  & !      2.4
  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  0.00,  & !      2.5

Note: When adding new deposition you should be careful. UKCA assumes that the order of this array is the same as the order of the species in the chch_defs_scheme array. If you are adding a value for a species in the middle of the list then you will need to slot it in to the appropriate place in the exiting depvel_defs_scheme array (and change the size of this array accordingly).

This scheme is controlled in ukca_ddeprt.F90.

Interactive Dry Deposition Scheme

Adding in new species to the interactive scheme is slightly more involved than for the 2D scheme. This scheme is controlled from the ukca_ddepctl.F90 routine which is called from ukca_chemistry_ctl.F90. The two routines ukca_aerod.F90 and ukca_surfddr.F90 contain species specific information, and it is these routines that need to be altered to add in values for a new species. Further details on this scheme can be found in the UKCA documentation paper for UM version 8.2 .

changes to ukca_aerod.F90

This routine calculates the aerodynamic and quasi-laminar surface resistances. The species dependant information that is needed is the diffusion coefficient, $d_{0}$ (in units of $m^{2}s^{-1}$ ). By default this is set to -1 if the species is not deposited. If it is deposited, and there are no values for this coefficient in the literature, it is suggested that $d_{0,{\textrm {species}}}$ is calculated as

$d_{0,{\textrm {species}}}=d_{0,H_{2}O}\,{\sqrt[{}]{M_{H_{2}O}/M_{\textrm {species}}}}$

Where $M_{H_{2}O}$ is the relative molecular mass of H2O, and $M_{\textrm {species}}$ is the relative molecular mass of the species being deposited, and $d_{0,H_{2}O}$ is the diffusion coefficient for H2O (2.08 x 10^-5 $m^{2}s^{-1}$ )

ukca_aerod.F90
!     Assign diffusion coefficients, units m2 s-1. Set to -1 
!     unless species dry deposits. If no value found in literature, 
!     D0 calculated using: D(X) = D(H2O) * SQRT[RMM(H2O)/RMM(X)], where 
!     X is the species in question and D(H2O) = 2.08 x 10^-5 m2 s-1 
!     (Marrero & Mason, J Phys Chem Ref Dat, 1972).

ukca_surfddr.F90
! Standard surface resistances (s m-1). Values are for 9 tiles in
! order: Broadleaved trees, Needleleaf trees, C3 Grass, C4 Grass,
! Shrub, Urban, Water, Bare Soil, Ice.

Written by Luke Abraham 2013

@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 ===changes to ukca_aerod.F90===
-This routine calculates the aerodynamic and quasi-laminar surface resistances. The species dependant information that is needed is the diffusion coefficient, <math>d_{0}</math>. By default this is set to -1 if the species is not deposited. If it is deposited, and there are no values for this coefficient in the literature, it is suggested that <math>d_{0}</math> is calculated as
+This routine calculates the aerodynamic and quasi-laminar surface resistances. The species dependant information that is needed is the diffusion coefficient, <math>d_{0}</math> (in units of <math>m^{2}s^{-1}</math>). By default this is set to -1 if the species is not deposited. If it is deposited, and there are no values for this coefficient in the literature, it is suggested that <math>d_{0,\textrm{species}}</math> is calculated as
 <math>
-d_{0} = d_{H_{2}O} \sqrt[]{M_{H_{2}O}/M_{\textrm{species}}}
+d_{0,\textrm{species}} = d_{0,H_{2}O} \, \sqrt[]{M_{H_{2}O}/M_{\textrm{species}}}
 </math>
+Where <math>M_{H_{2}O}</math> is the relative molecular mass of H2O, and <math>M_{\textrm{species}}</math> is the relative molecular mass of the species being deposited, and <math>d_{0,H_{2}O}</math> is the diffusion coefficient for H2O (2.08 x 10^-5 <math>m^{2}s^{-1}</math>)
  ukca_aerod.F90